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Directions(1 -10):In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
One of the good things that happened to me (1) in Patliputra, (2) the friendship of the farmer's daughter This nine year old girl (3) became very fond of me and her parents (4) her that she could keep me forever as her toy. She was very good at needlecraft and (5) clothes for her doll. In fact, on my first night there and (6) the rest of my stay in the farmer's house, I slept in her doll's cradle. That first night, they put the cradle on (7) of a shelf far away from the danger of rats. As I slowly got to learn their language, I was (8) to talk to the girl and let her know my needs and she was able to make me (9) comfortable. She made me seven shirts and was my teacher of the language. When I pointed to anything, she would (10) it by name, and soon I was able to talk easily with her.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 11.
What have experts predicted about the current food crisis?
(A) They believe it will pose a severe security risk which they fear governments will not be able to handle.
(B) China and India will reduce their food exports drastically to feed their own population.
(C) It is unlikely that food prices will be reduced in the near future.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 12.
Which of the following cannot be considered as a cause of rising food grain prices?

In creased meat consumption
Manipulation of commodities markets
Recommendations of International Food Policy Research Institutes
Drastic shifts in existing weather patterns
Exorbitant oil prices

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 13.
What does the phrase "new face of hunger" imply in the context of the passage?
(A) In some countries a large section of the middle class cannot afford food.
(B) Aid organization themselves cannot afford local food prices in some countries and require increased aid.
(C) The number of people below the poverty line has drastically grown.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 14.
Why has the area being utilized for bio fuel cultivation increased?

Low hydrocarbon levels have forced farmers to grow bio fuels.
Prices of ethanol have soared resulting in higher profits for farmers.
Governments have provided a high subsidy for bio fuels like ethanol
Rise in prices of fertilizers required for the cultivation of traditional crops.
None of these

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 15.
Why have U.S. officials not paid attention to the food crisis?

Relief organization have been handling the crisis well
Crops grown for food are highly subsidized in America
The U.S. has a huge surplus stock of food
The percentage of those affected by the crisis in America is low
None of these

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 16.
What measures have relief organization taken to help people in poorer countries to cope with the
food crisis?

Creating awareness among rich and developed nations about the severity of the food short age.
Hiring local labor to help implement new programmers.
Providing knowledge to local farmers on the latest farming technology such as pest resistant crops.
Threatening to wind up their operations in affected countries if Western countries don't increase aid.
Campaigning to reduce fuel prices.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 17.
How can small farmers benefit from high food prices?
(A) If their governments increase the subsidies offered on their agricultural produce.
(B) If rich countries participate in trade talks to set fixed export duties.
(C) If all government agree to sub sides oil prices.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 18.
Which of the following is not an impact of high food prices?
(A) Riots and destruction of property in many parts of the world.
(B) IFPRI has been boycotted by several governments.
(C) Officials have become rich by capitalizing on high prices.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 19.
Which of the following is a measure that governments have taken to deal with the food crisis?

(1) Placed the blame for the crisis on the International Food Policy Research Institute.
Uniformly decided to cut export duties.
Reduced subsidies on bio fuels.
Set a fixed price on fertilizers.
Funded research on the causes of extreme climatic conditions.

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 20.
What is the author's main objective in writing the passage?

Criticizing subsidy policy of rich countries
Urging governments to control pollution and reduce its impact on the climate
Berating citizens for using violent means of protest
Cautioning governments against speculators
Drawing our attention to the global and severe nature of the food crisis

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 21.
Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in
the passage.
SPARKED

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 22.
Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in
the passage.
PUSH

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 23.
Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in
the passage.
REELING

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 24.
Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
QUELL

Directions(11 - 25):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Rocketing food prices have sparked riots in numerous countries recently. Millions are reeling from the price rise and governments are scrambling to halt a fast-moving crisis before it spins out of control. From Mexico to Pakistan, Senegal and Mauritania, protests have turned violent. In many poor countries, the protests have been fuelled by pent-up anger against authoritarian or corrupt officials, some of whom have earned fortunes from oil and minerals while locals are struggling to buy food. Protesters burned hundreds of food-ration stores accusing the owners of selling government-subsidised food on the lucrative black market. "This is a serious security issue," says Joachim von Braun, Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in Washington. He has been bombarded by calls from officials around the world, all asking one question : How long will the crisis last ? The forecast is grim. Government might quell the protests, but bringing down food prices could take at least a decade, food analysts say. One reason : billions of people are buying ever-greater quantities of food-especially in booming China and India, where many have stopped growing their own food and now have the cash to buy a lot more of it. Increasing meat consumption, for example, has helped drive up demand for grain, and with it the price. There are other problems too. The spike in oil prices, (an unbelievable $ 109 per barrel), has pushed up fertilizer prices, as well as the cost of trucking food from farms to local markets and shipping it abroad In China, where food prices have soared 23% in a year, officials have frozen the price of fertilizer and boosted farm subsidies, in an effort to lower pork and wheat prices and avert possible protests. But the problems do not end there. Harvests have been seriously disrupted by freak weather, including prolonged droughts in Australia and Southern Africa, floods in West Africa, deep frost in China and record-breaking warmth in Northern Europe. The push to produce bio fuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons in further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsides for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food and increasing the area used for bio fuel cultivation. As always in a crisis, there are winners. The creeping fear that the world might actually run short of food has led speculators to pour billions into commodities further accelerating price rises.For the world's poorest people, the price spikes are disastrous. Aid officials say that millions who previously eked out enough to feed their families can no longer afford the food in their local stores, and are seeking help from relief organizations. "We are seeing a new face of hunger," says the Executive Director of the U.N.'s World Food Program, "People who were not in the urgent category are now moving into that category." Despite the widespread demonstrations, the food crisis has been largely ignored by North American and European officials who pay for much of the world's food aid" because no one is starving in rich countries."
Several African countries have begun planting high-protein, pest-resistant rice crops, and aid organization are beginning to recruit locals for new job programs to help people pay their food bills. In the poorest parts of Asia and Africa, officials hope that sky-high food prices might lift out of poverty small farmers who have barely scraped by on low crop prices a hope that would get a big boost if the rich world agreed to cut agricultural subsidies in the current round of trade talks.

Question - 25.
Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
GRIM